How Many Teeth Do Cats Have? A Complete Guide

This article will delve into the fascinating world of feline dentition, exploring the number, types, and functions of a cat's teeth. We'll discuss the stages of a cat's dental development, from kittenhood to adulthood, and examine the importance of proper dental care for maintaining their health and well-being. We'll also look at the potential problems associated with dental issues in cats and the steps you can take to prevent them.

Part 1: The Anatomy of a Cat's Teeth

1.1 The Number of Teeth

A fully grown cat has a total of 30 teeth. This number includes both deciduous (baby) teeth and permanent teeth. The teeth are divided into four different types, each with a specific function:

1. Incisors: These are the small, sharp teeth located at the front of the mouth, used for grabbing and grooming. Cats have a total of 12 incisors, with 6 on the upper jaw and 6 on the lower jaw.
2. Canines: The long, pointed teeth behind the incisors are the canines. These teeth are designed for tearing and ripping food. Cats have 4 canines, 2 on the upper jaw and 2 on the lower jaw.
3. Premolars: These are the teeth located behind the canines, with serrated edges used for crushing and grinding food. Cats have 10 premolars, with 6 on the upper jaw and 4 on the lower jaw.
4. Molars: The largest teeth at the back of the mouth are the molars. They have flat surfaces ideal for grinding and pulverising food. Cats have 4 molars, 2 on the upper jaw and 2 on the lower jaw.

1.2 The Dental Formula

The dental formula is a shorthand way of representing the number and types of teeth in an animal's mouth. The formula for a cat is:

Incisors: 3/3 (3 on each side of the upper and lower jaws)

Canines: 1/1 (1 on each side of the upper and lower jaws)

Premolars: 3/2 (3 on each side of the upper jaw, 2 on each side of the lower jaw)

Molars: 1/1 (1 on each side of the upper and lower jaws)

This formula translates to a total of 16 teeth in the upper jaw and 14 teeth in the lower jaw, giving a combined total of 30 teeth.

1.3 The Structure of a Cat's Teeth

Each tooth consists of several parts:

1. Enamel: This is the hard, white outer layer of the tooth, protecting it from wear and tear. Enamel is the hardest substance in the body and plays a vital role in the tooth's ability to withstand chewing forces.
2. Dentin: A layer of yellowish, bone-like material beneath the enamel, contributing to the tooth's strength. Dentin is a living tissue and is responsible for the tooth's sensitivity.
3. Pulp: The soft, inner part of the tooth containing blood vessels and nerves. The pulp provides nourishment and sensation to the tooth.
4. Cementum: This substance covers the root of the tooth, attaching it to the jawbone. Cementum helps anchor the tooth securely in the jawbone and protects the root surface.

1.4 The Root

The root of the tooth is embedded in the jawbone and provides support and anchorage. It is covered by a layer of cementum and is not visible above the gum line.

1.5 The Crown

The crown is the visible part of the tooth, extending above the gum line. It is covered by enamel and dentin and is the part of the tooth that is used for chewing and biting.

Part 2: Dental Development in Cats

2.1 Deciduous Teeth

Kittens are born with no teeth, but they start to erupt around 2-3 weeks of age. These are the deciduous, or baby, teeth. They are smaller and less sharp than permanent teeth and serve as temporary tools for the kitten to chew and explore its surroundings. The full set of deciduous teeth typically emerges by 6-8 weeks.

2.2 Permanent Teeth

The permanent teeth begin to erupt around 3-4 months of age, gradually replacing the deciduous teeth. The process is usually complete by 6-7 months. This process of tooth replacement is known as eruption.

2.3 Tooth Eruption Order

The order of tooth eruption follows a specific pattern. The first permanent teeth to appear are usually the premolars, followed by the canines and molars. The incisors are the last to erupt.

2.4 Tooth Eruption Chart

| Tooth Type | Deciduous Teeth Erupt (weeks) | Permanent Teeth Erupt (months) |

|--------------|--------------------------------|-----------------------------------|

| Incisors | 2-4 | 4-6 |

| Canines | 3-5 | 3-5 |

| Premolars | 4-6 | 4-6 |

| Molars | N/A | 5-7 |

Part 3: Functions of a Cat's Teeth

3.1 Essential for Eating

The primary function of a cat's teeth is to help them eat. Their sharp canines are designed for tearing meat, while the premolars and molars crush and grind food before swallowing. Cats are obligate carnivores, meaning their bodies require animal protein for proper nutrition. Their teeth have evolved to efficiently break down meat and extract nutrients from their prey.

3.2 Grooming

Cats use their teeth for grooming themselves, removing loose fur and debris from their coats. This helps to keep their fur clean and free from mats and tangles.

3.3 Defense

A cat's teeth are also a defensive weapon. When threatened, they may use their teeth to bite and defend themselves. This is an instinctual behaviour that helps them protect themselves from predators and other threats.

Part 4: Common Dental Problems in Cats

4.1 Periodontal Disease

Periodontal disease is the most common dental problem in cats. It occurs when plaque and tartar build up on the teeth, causing inflammation and infection of the gums. This can lead to tooth loss, pain, and even systemic health problems. Periodontal disease can affect other organs, such as the kidneys, heart, and liver.

4.2 Tooth Resorption

Tooth resorption is a condition where the tooth structure gradually deteriorates. The exact cause is unknown, but it can lead to pain and tooth loss. It often affects the incisors, making them appear shorter and discoloured.

4.3 Tooth Fractures

Cats' teeth are relatively fragile and can be easily fractured. This is often caused by chewing on hard objects, accidents, or fighting. Fractured teeth can be painful and require veterinary attention.

4.4 Oral Tumours

While less common, oral tumours can occur in cats. These can be benign or malignant and may require surgery or other treatments.

Part 5: Preventing Dental Problems in Cats

5.1 Regular Dental Checkups

Just like humans, cats need regular dental checkups. Your vet should examine your cat's teeth at least once a year, and more frequently for older or high-risk cats. During these checkups, the vet will look for signs of plaque, tartar, gum disease, and other dental problems.

5.2 Dental Cleaning

Professional dental cleaning by your vet is essential for removing plaque and tartar buildup. This involves anaesthesia and a thorough cleaning of the teeth and gums. The vet will use specialized tools to scale and polish the teeth, removing any accumulated plaque and tartar.

5.3 Home Dental Care

You can help maintain your cat's dental health at home by brushing their teeth regularly. Use a cat-specific toothbrush and toothpaste, and start gradually to get your cat used to the process. Start by simply rubbing your finger along your cat's gums, then introduce a toothbrush. Choose a toothpaste specifically formulated for cats, as human toothpaste can be toxic.

5.4 Dental Diet

Feeding your cat a high-quality dental diet can help reduce plaque and tartar buildup. These diets often contain ingredients that promote chewing and help scrub the teeth. Choose a diet specifically designed for dental health, as these are often formulated with smaller kibble sizes and crunchy ingredients to encourage chewing.

5.5 Dental Treats

Dental treats are specially designed to help clean teeth and freshen breath. Choose treats that are veterinarian-approved and avoid those with high sugar content. Dental treats are often available in various shapes and sizes, and some even have textured surfaces to help remove plaque.

Part 6: Signs of Dental Problems in Cats

It's important to be aware of the signs that your cat may have dental problems. If you notice any of the following, consult your vet immediately:

1. Bad breath: This is one of the most obvious signs of dental problems and can be a result of plaque, tartar, or gum disease.
2. Red or swollen gums: Healthy gums should be pink and firm. Red, swollen, or bleeding gums can indicate inflammation and infection.
3. Drooling: Excessive drooling can be a sign of pain or discomfort in the mouth.
4. Difficulty eating: Cats with dental problems may avoid eating or have difficulty chewing their food.
5. Changes in appetite: If your cat is eating less than usual or has lost interest in food, it could be a sign of dental pain.
6. Weight loss: Unintentional weight loss can be a sign of dental problems, especially if your cat is having difficulty eating.
7. Pawing at the mouth: Cats may paw at their mouth to relieve pain or discomfort.
8. Bleeding from the mouth: Any bleeding from the mouth should be investigated by a vet.
9. Discolored teeth: Yellowing or browning of teeth can be a sign of plaque and tartar buildup.
10. Loose teeth: If your cat has a loose tooth, it could be a sign of periodontal disease or tooth resorption.

Part 7: FAQs

7.1 How often should I brush my cat's teeth?

Ideally, you should brush your cat's teeth daily. However, even brushing a few times a week can make a difference.

7.2 What kind of toothpaste should I use for my cat?

Only use toothpaste specifically designed for cats. Human toothpaste is often toxic to cats and can upset their stomach. Cat toothpaste is usually available in various flavours, such as chicken or tuna, to make it more palatable for your cat.

7.3 How can I get my cat used to having its teeth brushed?

Start by introducing the toothbrush gradually. Let your cat sniff and lick the brush before gently touching their teeth. Be patient and reward them for good behaviour. Use positive reinforcement, such as treats or praise, to encourage your cat to associate the toothbrush with positive experiences.

7.4 What are the benefits of dental cleaning for my cat?

Dental cleaning can help prevent periodontal disease, tooth loss, and other health problems. It can also improve your cat's breath and overall health. Regular dental cleaning removes plaque and tartar buildup, reducing the risk of gum disease and other complications.

7.5 How much does dental cleaning for a cat cost?

The cost of dental cleaning varies depending on the vet and the specific needs of your cat. It's best to contact your vet for a quote. The cost of dental cleaning can vary depending on the complexity of the procedure, whether any extractions are needed, and the type of anaesthesia used.

7.6 Can I use a human toothbrush to brush my cat's teeth?

No, human toothbrushes are too large and can damage your cat's teeth. Use a cat-specific toothbrush with soft bristles. Cat toothbrushes are designed with smaller heads and softer bristles to make the process more comfortable for your cat.

7.7 Is dental disease contagious?

No, dental disease is not contagious between cats or between cats and humans. However, bacteria from the mouth can spread to other parts of the body, potentially causing health problems. It's important to maintain good dental hygiene to prevent the spread of bacteria and maintain overall health.