Can Cats Get Kennel Cough? Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention

This comprehensive article explores the possibility of cats contracting kennel cough, a respiratory infection often associated with dogs. We will delve into the symptoms, causes, treatment options, and preventative measures to help you understand this condition in feline companions. We will differentiate between kennel cough in dogs and similar symptoms in cats, providing clarity on the specific causes and treatments for feline respiratory infections.

Part 1: Understanding Kennel Cough in Cats

1.1 What is Kennel Cough?

Kennel cough, formally known as infectious tracheobronchitis, is an upper respiratory infection primarily affecting dogs. It's characterized by a distinctive cough, often described as a honking or goose-like sound. This condition is caused by a variety of bacteria and viruses, often in combination.

1.2 Why Cats Don't Get "Kennel Cough"

While cats can experience similar symptoms to kennel cough, they don't contract the same infection as dogs. Cats have different respiratory systems and are susceptible to different pathogens. The term "kennel cough" specifically refers to the canine form of infectious tracheobronchitis.

Part 2: Feline Upper Respiratory Infections (URIs)

2.1 Understanding Feline URIs

Feline upper respiratory infections (URIs) encompass a range of illnesses affecting the nose, throat, and upper airways in cats. These infections can be caused by various viruses, bacteria, and even fungi, leading to a variety of symptoms, including coughing, sneezing, and nasal discharge.

2.2 Common Causes of Feline URIs:

The most common causes of feline URIs include:

1. Feline Herpesvirus (FHV): This highly contagious virus causes various symptoms, including sneezing, eye discharge, lethargy, and ulcerative lesions in the mouth. It can remain dormant in the cat's body, leading to recurrent infections.
2. Feline Calicivirus (FCV): FCV is another highly contagious virus responsible for symptoms such as sneezing, coughing, oral ulcers, and lameness.
3. Chlamydophila felis: This bacterium causes conjunctivitis and respiratory problems, often accompanied by sneezing and nasal discharge.
4. Bordetella bronchiseptica: While primarily associated with kennel cough in dogs, this bacterium can also infect cats, particularly those with weakened immune systems.
5. Mycoplasma felis: This bacterium can lead to chronic respiratory issues in cats, often co-occurring with other infections.

2.3 Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) and Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV)

While not directly causing URI symptoms, FIV and FeLV weaken the immune system, making cats more susceptible to various infections, including respiratory problems.

Part 3: Symptoms of Feline Upper Respiratory Infections

3.1 Respiratory Symptoms

1. Coughing: A dry, hacking cough, often described as a honk, whistle, or rasping sound.
2. Sneezing: Frequent sneezing, sometimes accompanied by clear or coloured nasal discharge.
3. Nasal Congestion: Difficulty breathing through the nose, with laboured breathing or open-mouthed breathing.
4. Runny Nose: Clear, white, yellow, or green discharge from the nose.

3.2 Eye and Other Symptoms

1. Eye Discharge: Conjunctivitis (inflammation of the conjunctiva) with watery, mucus-like, or pus-like discharge from the eyes.
2. Lethargy: Loss of energy, decreased activity levels, and unwillingness to play.
3. Loss of Appetite: Reduced interest in food and potential weight loss.
4. Fever: Elevated body temperature, indicating the cat's body is fighting off infection.
5. Oral Lesions: Ulcers or sores in the mouth, particularly with FCV infections.

Part 4: Diagnosis of Feline Upper Respiratory Infections

4.1 Veterinary Examination

A thorough veterinary examination is essential for diagnosing the cause of respiratory symptoms in cats. The veterinarian will assess your cat's overall health, listen to their lungs for abnormalities, and take their temperature.

4.2 Diagnostic Tests

To pinpoint the specific cause of the URI, your veterinarian may recommend additional tests:

1. Blood Tests: To check for FIV, FeLV, or other infections.
2. Nasal Swabs: To identify viruses or bacteria present in the nasal passages.
3. Radiographs (X-rays): To evaluate the lungs for pneumonia or other abnormalities.
4. Endoscopy: A procedure allowing the veterinarian to visualize the trachea and bronchi, providing a detailed view of the upper respiratory system.

Part 5: Treatment of Feline Upper Respiratory Infections

5.1 Supportive Care

Treatment for feline URIs focuses on managing symptoms and supporting the cat's immune system:

1. Rest: Providing a quiet and comfortable environment for the cat to rest and recover.
2. Fluids: Ensuring adequate hydration through fresh water or subcutaneous fluids, especially if the cat is dehydrated.
3. Humidifier: Using a cool-mist humidifier to relieve congestion and help clear mucus.
4. Nutritious Diet: Encouraging food intake through palatable, high-quality food. If your cat isn't eating, you may need to hand-feed them.

5.2 Medications

Depending on the underlying cause, the veterinarian may prescribe medications:

1. Antibiotics: If a bacterial infection is suspected, antibiotics will be prescribed to target the bacteria.
2. Antivirals: For viral infections, antiviral medications may be given, but their effectiveness can be limited.
3. Cough Suppressants: To reduce coughing and provide relief from discomfort, although these should be used with caution, as coughing can be a natural expulsion mechanism.
4. Bronchodilators: To open up the airways and ease breathing, particularly if the cat has bronchospasm.
5. Eye Drops or Ointments: To address conjunctivitis and reduce inflammation.

Part 6: Prevention of Feline Upper Respiratory Infections

6.1 Vaccination

Vaccination is a vital preventative measure against feline URIs. The Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis (FVRCP) vaccine protects against FHV, FCV, and feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), significantly reducing the risk of severe illness and complications.

6.2 Hygiene

Practising good hygiene is crucial to minimizing the spread of infection:

1. Wash Hands: Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water after handling cats or their belongings.
2. Clean Surfaces: Regularly clean and disinfect surfaces that come into contact with cats, including food bowls, litter boxes, and sleeping areas.
3. Separate Sick Cats: Isolate sick cats from healthy cats to prevent the spread of infection, using separate food bowls, water dishes, and litter boxes.

6.3 Minimize Stress

Stress can weaken the immune system, making cats more susceptible to infections. Minimize stress by providing a safe and comfortable environment, with plenty of hiding places, enrichment toys, and consistent routines.

6.4 Healthy Diet

A balanced and nutritious diet strengthens the immune system, helping cats fight off infections. Consult your veterinarian about the best food for your cat's age, breed, and health needs.

Part 7: FAQs

7.1 How contagious are feline URIs?

Feline URIs, caused by viruses like FHV and FCV, are highly contagious. They can spread through direct contact with infected cats, as well as through contaminated surfaces and objects.

7.2 How long is a cat contagious?

Cats infected with FHV or FCV can remain contagious for several weeks, even after they appear to have recovered.

7.3 Can a cat with a URI be around other cats?

It's generally recommended to isolate a cat with a URI from other cats to prevent the spread of infection. Consult with your veterinarian for guidance based on the specific cause and severity of the illness.

7.4 What if my cat has a cough but no other symptoms?

If your cat has a cough but no other symptoms, it's still important to consult your veterinarian. A cough can be a sign of various underlying health problems, and early diagnosis and treatment are essential for optimal recovery.

7.5 How can I tell if my cat needs a vet visit for a cough?

If your cat has a cough that persists for more than a day or two, or if it's accompanied by other symptoms like lethargy, loss of appetite, or difficulty breathing, it's essential to seek veterinary attention.

7.6 What about kennel cough vaccines for cats?

While there are kennel cough vaccines for dogs, there isn't a specific kennel cough vaccine for cats. The FVRCP vaccine covers the most common causes of feline URIs, including FHV and FCV, providing good protection against severe infections and complications.

7.7 Are there home remedies for feline URIs?

While home remedies can provide temporary relief from symptoms, they should not replace veterinary care. It's essential to consult your veterinarian for proper diagnosis and treatment to address the underlying cause of your cat's URI.

Remember, if you suspect your cat has a URI, don't delay seeking veterinary attention. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve your cat's chances of a full recovery.